Social Deviance Essay -- Sociology Behavior Society Deviant Essays

Social Deviance Social deviance is a term that refers to forms of behavior and qualities of persons that others in society devalue and discredit. So what exactly is deviance? In this essay we are concerned with social deviance, not physiological deviations from the expected norm. In general, any behavior that does not conform to social norms is deviance; that is behavior that violates significant social norms and is disapproved of by a large number of people as a result. For societies to run with some semblance of order the problem of deviance is essential and intrinsic to any conception of social order. It is problematic because it causes a disruption, but it is essential because it defines our boundaries as a society. It is intrinsic to a conception of order in that defining what is real and expected, defining what is acceptable, and defining who we are - always done in opposition to what is unreal, unexpected, unacceptable and who we are not. If we can accept the reality of change, then designations of deviance are crucial in locating the shifting boundaries of our socially structured reality. (Erikson, 1964) What is perceived as deviant behavior is subject to change depending on our position, place and time. Different cultures have different levels of social order and control, therefore making what can be seen as a deviant behavior in one culture highly acceptable in another. When we define someone or some group as deviant - we strengthen our own position and simplify our response to the "other": we can ignore, expunge, destroy, or rehabilitate them. We convince ourselves of our own normalcy by condemning and controlling those who disagree. Deviance is a phenomenon situated in power: Winners are the good and the normal; Losers are the sick, the crazy, and the evil. Deviance therefore exists in opposition to those who attempt to control it - to those who have power. (Phofl, 1994) Deviance is not a matter of the cost or consequences of a particular behavior, or the behavior itself. Deviance is a label used to maintain the power, control, and position of a dominant group. It is a negotiated order. Deviance violates some groups assumptions about reality (social order). It violates expectations. The definition of deviance defines the threat and allows for containment and control of the threat. The definition of deviance preserv... ...one is given the label of a deviant in order to understand deviance itself. (Haralambos, Holborn, van Krieken, Smith, 1996) It seems that it can be concluded that deviant behavior cannot be seen to be based entirely on the individuals involved. It is a social problem, brought about by the differing views and values instilled in each culture and society. Amazonian Indians walk around without any clothing, to them this is not a deviant act, in modern western society this is indeed an act of great deviance and one might find themselves arrested for it. So depending on the state of social order and associated norms acts of deviance differ greatly. Reference List Becker H. S., Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, Free Press, New York, USA. Erikson K. T. 1964, Notes on the sociology of deviance, in The Other Side: Perspectives on Deviance, Free Press, New York, USA. Giddens A., 1997, Sociology 3rd edition, Polity Press, UK. Haralambos M. Holborn M. van Krieken R. & Smith P., 1996, Sociology- themes and perspectives, Longman, Melbourne, Australia. Phofl S. 1994, Images of Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological History, McGraw-Hill, USA.

Heaney’s poems explore by varied poetic means the enduring significance of family and childhood in human life

Much of Heaney's poetry, particularly from his early selections, explores childhood and family. Heaney perhaps uses these themes as a means of discovering his true self by travelling back to his roots. His childhood experiences have certainly had a deep impact and acted as inspiration for many of the poems from his first book, ‘Death of a Naturalist', but there are also poems in later books that explore this theme. Aside from giving us an insight into Heaney's early life, his exploration of childhood and family also reflects the rural Irish culture at the time and the political situation in Ireland. The poet also explores the themes of childhood and family through the use of various poetic devices, including vivid imagery and structure. The first poem that I have decided to examine is ‘Digging' from Heaney's first collection, ‘Death of a Naturalist'. This poem focuses on the poet's father and grandfather, and his admiration for their digging skills. It also shows the great contrast between father and son, in that Heaney has â€Å"no spade to follow men like them†; his talents lie in writing. Digging' is the first poem in the selection, and certainly depicts Heaney's insecurities about his writing career and his early struggle to define himself as a poet, and break the family tradition of rural labour. The poem is littered with various poetic devices, which help to bring the poem and the poet's feelings alive to the reader. Firstly, Heaney uses the simile, â€Å"snug as a gun† to describe the way the pen feels when he holds it. This suggests that it fits his hand well and is very powerful. It could also mean that, whereas his father and grandfather use the spade as their weapon, Heaney uses the pen. Some have also proposed that the image of the â€Å"gun† is a reflection of the violence in Northern Ireland. However, this cannot be so, because this poem was published in 1966, before the troubles started. He also chooses to use rather vivid language to describe his father's actions while digging in the garden. For example, â€Å"a clean rasping sound† is almost onomatopoeia, as the word really sounds like the noise a spade makes when it sinks into hard ground. Further examples of onomatopoeia are, â€Å"squelch†, â€Å"slap†, â€Å"sloppily† and â€Å"gravelly†. â€Å"Straining rump† is also a good choice of language, as the reader can instantly visualise how hard the man is working and feel his pain. A further poetic tool is the use of technical language, such as â€Å"lug† and â€Å"shaft†, which show their technique and skill in their trade, as they know exactly what they are doing and thoroughly understand every part of their tool. Colloquial language is also used, such as â€Å"By God, the old man could handle a spade†. This is perhaps used as a way for Heaney to connect with the rural population of Ireland and associate himself with his roots. The structure of the poem is also a very important feature, as it helps to illustrate Heaney's insecurities with his writing career. The stanzas are very irregular, suggesting that the poet's thoughts are wandering aimlessly as he is trying to discover his true identity and accept his trade. However, the structure could also be said to portray the idea of digging, in that the first four stanzas grow in length, almost like a spade travelling deeper into the ground. Heaney uses the theme of ‘Digging' and roots as an extended metaphor, as through writing this poem, he is attempting to get back and identify with his own roots and dig into the past and his childhood, in order to discover his true self. He demonstrates the significance of family and childhood experiences and the impact they have on your actions in later life. Heaney was clearly worried that he was disappointing his father by not continuing the family trade, and this poem seems to act as an apology for this. The last stanza of ‘Digging' is very similar to the first stanza, but instead of the pen being â€Å"as snug as a gun†, Heaney resolves that he will â€Å"dig with it†. This implies that the pen is Heaney's tool, just like the spade was his predecessors' tool. The occupations may be vastly different, but they still require a great deal of expertise. The second poem that I have chosen to explore is ‘Personal Helicon', which is also from Heaney's first collection, ‘Death of Naturalist'. This poem contains many double meanings. On the surface, it would appear as if Heaney is reflecting on his favourite pastime as a child, which was playing with water and wells. This, indeed, is true, but he is also using the theme to talk about writing poetry. The word â€Å"Helicon† in the title refers to a place in ancient Greece where there are springs that supposedly give inspiration to anyone that drinks there. This suggests that, for Seamus Heaney, the memories of his childhood and his love for water and wells are his personal inspiration for his poetry. It is also an interesting choice of word because both sources of inspiration are associated with water. â€Å"So deep you saw no reflection in it† describes one particular well that Heaney encountered as a child. However, the image of the bottomless well also portrays what a poem is like, filled with different meanings. A further example of a double meaning can be found in the line, â€Å"A white face hovered over the bottom†. This refers to the literal reflection of Heaney that could be seen in the water, but could also mean that he is always evident in his poems; each poem connects in some way with the poet, no matter what the theme is. An important poetic device that the poet uses in ‘Personal Helicon' is highly expressive and vivid language, which helps the reader to envision exactly what the wells were like. Good examples of this are â€Å"fungus†, â€Å"dank moss† and â€Å"finger slime†, which all conjure up wonderful, yet repulsive images of exactly what wells are like and the enjoyment that children find in wet, dirty places. Heaney has also incorporated a clever metaphor into the poem, which is â€Å"the trapped sky†. The sky is obviously not trapped within the well in a physical sense, but it appears to be due to its reflection in the water at the bottom of the well. The last two lines of ‘Personal Helicon' are extremely significant, as they represent the motivation behind Heaney's poetry and illustrate exactly what he is like. â€Å"I rhyme to see myself, to set the darkness echoing. † This would imply that Seamus Heaney writes poetry in order to discover himself and approach subjects that cannot be approached in any other way. A critic once proposed that the â€Å"darkness† refers to the unknown, the things that remain hidden, concepts that have not been brought into the light and expressed in words. Whether it is personal fears or social and political injustices, poetry is a medium to bring these unspoken attitudes and opinions to the world, and to make them â€Å"echo† and resound with force. The mention of the word, â€Å"darkness† also links in with Heaney's next book, entitled â€Å"Door into the Dark†, suggesting that he was very insecure and apprehensive about his ‘debut' collection of poems and how successful it would be. Overall, ‘Personal Helicon' gives the reader an insight into Seamus Heaney's childhood and the features of rural Ireland, and shows, similarly to the previous poem, what effects childhood experiences can have on a person's later life. The final poem that I have chosen to study is ‘The Other Side' from Heaney's third poetry collection, ‘Wintering Out'. This poem chronicles the poet's childhood experiences of the vast divide between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, and tells the story of a Catholic family (Heaney's family) and a Protestant neighbour living on the other side of the stream. Heaney uses a great deal of religious imagery within this poem, perhaps in order to reinforce the theme of religious divide. A good example of this is, â€Å"‘It's poor as Lazarus, that ground'†. Lazarus is the name of a poor man in the bible, so this is a clever simile that not only depicts the poor quality of Heaney's farmland, but also underpins the overall theme of the poem. There are a number of other religious images within the poem also. â€Å"That tongue of chosen people† is a reference to Protestants and the fact that they are supposed to speak â€Å"properly† and in a superior manner to Catholics. â€Å"Chosen people† is a biblical image and â€Å"promised furrows† links in with the bible and the idea of the â€Å"promised land†. Tares† is another word used in the poem that suggests religious significance, as in the bible, these were weeds that the enemy deliberately planted to ruin others' crops. Another interesting simile within this poem is, â€Å"as if party to lovemaking or a stranger's weeping†. This is an excellent use of imagery, as it really portrays to the reader the extent of the neighbour's embarrassment at having interrupted Heaney's family's prayers. Another poetic device used in the poem is onomatopoeia, shown through the expression â€Å"moan of prayers†. The word â€Å"moan† really does sound like the chanting of prayers often heard in churches, as it is a rather extended, droning word, reflecting what the prayers were like. To conclude, ‘The Other Side' depicts the significance of family and childhood experiences, as Heaney has undoubtedly gained much inspiration from his memories of the division between religions in Ireland when he was a child. Overall, it is evident that a number of Heaney's poems explore the enduring significance of family and childhood in human life, as he openly acquires a good deal of inspiration from his early years. Within these poems, he uses various poetic devices as a means of expressing memories, feelings and objects in a highly vivid and engaging way. His fascinating and intelligent use of language is certainly at the forefront of all of his poems, whether it is shown through imagery, onomatopoeia or realistic descriptions. Heaney once said that, ‘Words themselves are doors', suggesting that they can open up new ways of understanding, expressing and interpreting situations and feelings.

The Causes of Drug Addiction - 1430 Words

The Causes of Drug Addiction What causes a man to risk losing his family or worse his freedom for the ability to get high? What causes a parent to risk not only their own health by smoking but also the health of their children? The answer is addiction. Alan I. Leshner, PhD states that the â€Å"essence of addiction [is an] uncontrollable, compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences.† He goes on to say, â€Å"This is the crux of how many professional organizations all define addiction, and how we all should use the term. It is really only this expression of addiction - uncontrollable, compulsive craving, seeking and use of drugs - that matters to the addict and to his or her family, and that should†¦show more content†¦Or a drug addict in recovery who happens to pass the alley where he used to get high and he is over come with the need and desire to find a fix. The environmental cues evoke memories that cause compulsive reactions to occur without conscious knowledge of the participant. A third theory proposes that â€Å"habit formation and maintenance are two essential components of drug addiction.† (Newlin, et al.) In this theory the casual drug initiates or creates the habit and the transition to addiction is also a transition to habit maintenance. The habit theory also refers to environmental cues that are associated with an individual’s drug use. Newlin, et al. state that drug liking changes with addiction to drug â€Å"wanting† and to â€Å"needing†. They further state that the drug use â€Å"becomes semi-autonomous and partially or wholly divorced from the motivational processes that originally promoted it. (Newlin, et al.) In other words it takes on â€Å"a life of its own† a mundane habit that is neither pleasurable nor exciting. (Newlin, et al.) Newlin and his colleagues theorize that humans and mammals in general adapt to survive and some of the habits that are formed are a means of survival. In theirShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Drug Addiction895 Words   |  4 PagesThe causes of drug addiction Frank Zappa once said â€Å"A drug is neither moral nor immoral -- it s a chemical compound. The compound itself is not a menace to society until a human being treats it as if consumption bestowed a temporary license to act like an asshole.† What causes people to be addicted to drugs? Most people know the bad things that will happen to drug users: they become addicted. Curiosity is the first major cause that leads to drug addiction throughout the nation. The secondRead MoreThe Causes Of Drug Addiction979 Words   |  4 PagesThe causes of drug addiction What makes a person addicted to drugs? Most people know the bad things that will happen to drug users: they become addicted. Curiosity is the first major cause that leads to drug addiction throughout the nation. The second cause is the desire to escape from reality through drugs and can lead the user to become addicted. Lastly, the everyday environment around the individual can push him or her to become addicted to drugs. Drug addiction is a serious problem thatRead MoreCauses Of Drug Addiction836 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction continues to be a major social problem in any country. Despite all efforts of trying to control the manufacturing and trading of these illicit substances, drug traders still somehow find a way to continuously distribute these drugs around and destroy thousands of lives through various clandestine laboratories that have sprouted from different parts of the world. More than seeing the amount of money being spent on something as unnecessary as taking illegal substances is how it hasRead MoreCauses And Effect Of Drug Addiction1227 Words   |  5 Pages Causes of Drug Abuse Relapse Ahmad Al-Nassr Introduction Drug abuse is a developed psychic and physical interaction between a living organism and a drug whether an animal or a human being. It is characterized by behavior that includes compulsion to take drugs in order to experience the psychic effect. Sometime it is to avoid the discomfort of the absence of the drug in the body system. Drug addiction causes intolerance so that drug addict can be dependent on drugs more than one drug (GenevaRead MoreAddiction : A Familiar Term For Most Of The World1603 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior Dr. Kelly Bordner April 26, 2015 Addiction Addiction is a familiar term for most of the world. By its simplest definition, addiction is habitual drug use that causes negative effects on the user’s health and social life despite efforts to stop using (Pinel, J.P. 2013). Drugs have been a part of human society for thousands of years. The quest to alter one’s consciousness is not a new one. Millions of people worldwide suffer from various forms of drug addiction. Yet for such a common affliction,Read MoreEffects Of Drug Addiction On Children1450 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Drug Addiction Drug addiction is caused when chemicals from drugs are released into the brain and cause one to become dependant on a drug or substance, which ultimately becomes a new way of life. Drug addiction is bad because it causes negative health effects such as brain damage, emotional stress, and could possibly cause one to overdose resulting in death. In addition, drug consumption is bad for one’s social life because it is a way of fitting in and giving into peer pressure. 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This paper will discuss research findings regarding the main points, roots and underlying reasons of alcohol and drug addictionRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech – Topical Orientation General purpose: Addiction to prescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possible

A Brief Note On Cyber Crime Through The Years - 1482 Words

The Importance of Cyber Security in America â€Å"If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, you will be hacked. What’s more, you deserve to be hacked. -Richard Clarke Cyber Crime through the Years Since the late 1980’s, cyber security has been a growing industry. Viruses such as the Morris Worm proved to the world that the internet was not a safe and secure architecture. In later years the Michelangelo virus, Melissa, and Concept began to push the IT industry for research on cyber security and antivirus protection. Hacking over the years has shown us that certain individuals have manage to breach even the most protected government networks. Jonathan James otherwise known as â€Å"c0mrade† was a notorious hacker in more recent years. He was convicted and sent to prison for hacking many networks including Bell South, Miami-Dade, the U.S. Department of Defense, and NASA. James was only fifteen years old at the time these events took place. He managed to hack into NASA s network and downloaded source code on how the International Space Station worked. The combined value of this download came out to nearly $1.7 million. After the attack, NASA was forced to shut down their network for three weeks so they could investigate this intrusion. The investigation itself cost over $41,000. Another hacker, named Kevin Mitnick, earned the title â€Å"Most wanted computer criminal in computer history† by the U.S. Department of Justice. 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They have to be dealt with sternly, however well placed important and influential they may be; if we acquiesce in wrongdoing, people will lose faith in us†- Dr Radhakrishnan Methodology The research methodology used for the present research article is traditional DoctrinalRead MoreTerrorism And The United States1981 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the past 40 years that is what has been happening in cities all across the United States. Gang related terrorism is extremely high in inner cities all across the country and the Crips are the largest gang that operates in America. In 1970’s California the Crips were created as a response to protect their neighborhoods but have grown to much more than that. Today there are over 33,000 members of this terror organization who use murder as one of their top fear tactics. 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IPV not only has acute effectsRead MoreCyber Security And Internet Security Essay7416 Words   |  30 PagesABSTRACT The term paper begins with a brief Introduction of CYBER SECURITY, This term paper is designed to give you information about vulnerabilities in CYBER SECURITY , Frameworks that get affected By CYBER SECURITY Measures to protect DATA SYSTEM in cyber security In the end it tells us about Various International Indian cyber security LAWS INTRODUCTION PC security, otherwise called cybersecurity or IT security, will be security connected to figuring gadgets, for exampleRead MoreThe Human Rights Act Of The Uk4192 Words   |  17 PagesOver the last 20 years there has been a concerted effort by the government to erode our civil liberties and infringe upon our most fundamental human rights. Whether it be â€Å"paternalistic† state snooping authorised by the Home Secretary Theresa May, closed courts and â€Å"secret justice,† the seizure of travel documents, reintroduction of exile as a punitive measure or restrictions placed on individuals through Terrorism Prevention and Investigatory Measures, legislation has noticeably become more draconian

My Personal Experience Of God - 7569 Words

Thessa G. Smith 103 Stratford Road-Greenwood, SC 29649 864.377.0400 tgsmith@umcsc.org Thessa G. Smith 103 Stratford Road – Greenwood, SC 29649 Cell phone: 864.377.0400 tgsmith@umcsc.org Disciplinary Questions – Part I Describe your personal experience of God and the understanding of God you derive from biblical, theological and historical sources. I have a personal relationship with God the Father through the redemptive power of Jesus Christ and the keeping power of the Holy Spirit. I spend time daily in prayer, meditation and reading of the scriptures. My understanding of God is found in The Apostle Creed which states: I believe in God, the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth; And in Jesus Christ his†¦show more content†¦This point happened â€Å"before the foundation of the world† Ephesians 1:4. And there you are, at the beginning. God knew you before there was a â€Å"before,† at a time when the Father loved the Son, also â€Å"before the foundation of the world† John 17:24. You begin as part of a trinitarian plan, not yet as a created reality, but with the people whom the Father gave to the Son from out of a world he had not yet made John 17:6. What is your understanding of evil as it exists in the world? Adam and Eve was placed by God in a perfect newly created world. They were free and commissioned to rule the earth with authority and dominion without any restrictions on how to accomplish this task. However, Adam was instructed by God not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which would reflect his dependency on God: â€Å"You may eat freely of every tree of the garden; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in that day thatShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience Of God2602 Words   |  11 Pages ¶ 324.9a - Describe your personal experience of God and the understanding of God you derive from biblical, theological, and historical sources. My personal experience of God is based on my life experiences and a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. I have experienced God’s presence in my life and I have felt the Holy Spirit guiding me. I first felt God’s call as a teenager and prayed that one day I would become a pastor. But my new Christian faith was not strong enough and I soon succumbedRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of God2177 Words   |  9 PagesDescribe your personal experience of God and the understanding of God you derive from biblical, theological and historical sources. I was born in South Korea between my father who was skeptical and my mother who was faithful for believing God in the Korean Methodist Church. For this reason, it was natural for me to attend a Korean Methodist church. At that time, I did not know what the church is doing and why I should attend the church, but what I learned about church was what I am redeemed by JesusRead MoreMy Personal Experience And Understanding Of God1722 Words   |  7 PagesMy personal experience and understanding of God has resulted from what God has revealed to me. F. Belton Joyner, Jr. says, What we know about God is what God has revealed to us. Over the course of my life God has been revealed to me through God s love and grace. When I was twelve years old, I accepted Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior of my life. In the years prior, God was continually drawing me closer to God, even before I was aware I needed God. We are made aware of our need for repentance throughRead MoreThe United Methodist Churchâ €™s Book of Discipline Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe United Methodist Church’s Book of Discipline states, â€Å"Wesley believed that the living core of the Christian faith was revealed in Scripture, illuminated by tradition, vivified in personal experience, and confirmed by reason†. This statement outlines the concept of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral. Interestingly, John Wesley never actually used the term â€Å"quadrilateral† and the American Methodist scholar, Albert C. Outler, who later stated that he regretted doing so as it has been misconstrued, namedRead MoreThe Argument From Religious Experience1460 Words   |  6 PagesReligious Experience The argument for God, based on personal Religious experiences, is an argument that cannot be refuted by others. While others may not have the ability to prove the existence of God, through another’s experiences, they also cannot disprove this existence. A person’s personal experiences are something that no other person can determine, nor argue. My experiences are my interpretations for the occurrences within my life, therefore, another person cannot determine what my true experiencesRead MoreA Personal Relationship With Jesus1520 Words   |  7 Pageshe Origin of a Personal Relationship Concept â€Å"Personal relationship with Jesus.† Being an Atheist, I’ve had hundreds of arguments with Christians about Jesus and religion in general. No matter what evidence I provided, the Christian always seemed to bypass it with the Personal relationship cop out. They would tell me they don’t practice religion, and that they have a personal relationship with Jesus. They would insist that I take five minutes of my time at night and call on Jesus while I’m allRead MoreMy Personal Christian Worldview1439 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Worldview My personal Christian worldview is full of heavy doses of God, and plenty of drizzles of the Bible, and it was born from a combination of how I was raised, my life experiences, and my assumptions. This worldview is heavily involved as I bring up my children to love God, and do my best to be a good wife to my husband. Most of all, this combination has filled my heart and soul with the conclusion that God is my all! I was raised in a Christian home where my parents taught God’sRead MoreA Summary On Charismatic Faith And Ministry1693 Words   |  7 PagesCharismatic Ministry. Here Thimell continues his systematic approach to the book, but now switches to the rest of the story, the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives today. Thimell takes a very academic and cerebral approach to the gospel. His lack of personal encounters and stories are evidence to that fact. However, this is a refreshing approach that presents the gospel with just the basic facts and not many frills. I believe that Thimell’s purpose in writing this book was not to give an exhaustive bookRead MoreThe Spiritual Discipline Of Practicing The Presence851 Words   |  4 PagesChristward direction, constantly being thankful and doing everything for God. This reflective essay will cover numerous aspects of the spiritual discipline of practicing the presence, including my original understanding, a significant Christian historical figure, and denomination comparison. Furthermore, different personal experiences of practising the presence, specifically individual, group and corporate, as well as a reflection on my original ideas and closing with ways to encourage practising the presenceRead MoreBruce Almighty Reflection1001 Words   |  5 PagesPeople usually think that for God to speak to a person it has to be something completely extraordinary, however this is not the case as you can find God in all things. To understand the benefits and drawbacks of extraordinary and ordinary more clearly, contemporary examples such as movies, novels, or personal experiences are very useful. The movie Bruce Almighty is an example of a way God can reveal himself in an extraordinary way. The main character, Bruce, is an egotistical news reporter who seems

Susan B. Anthony Speech Free Essays

Effective Speech Susan B. Anthony Speech 1873 Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 and she was one of the many women in the nineteenth century to fight for women’s rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Susan B. Anthony Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now She would travel all over the nation and create petitions for the right for women to vote and also slavery. She was an abolitionist, an educational reformer, a labor activist, and of course a women’s right campaigner. As brave as she was, she voted illegally in the presidential election of 1872 in Rochester, New York and arrested. They had fined her 100 dollars but did not imprison her, which she refused to pay. The next year, Susan presented a speech explaining and demanding that women had the right vote just as much as men did. She states, â€Å"It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. (1873)†. She pointed out that the constitution itself stated that people as a whole would help and contribute to justice and establishment in the United States. Most importantly, Susan Anthony’s speech in 1873 was effective in every way. Although, it took as long as 14 years after her speech for women to have the lawful right to vote and exactly one hundred years after her birth, she campaigned and petitioned all over the nation and was part of several organizations against slavery, women’s suffrage and the labor movement. She fought and petitioned for the thirteenth amendment which was to outlaw slavery. She was threatened by many people and humiliated but nothing stopped Susan from continuing to fight for everyone’s rights. I define effective as being helpful and successful, in Susan’s case, it wasn’t successful right away, but her intelligence throughout all the years after her arrest, made her stronger and that’s what made her goal become a success, she never gave up. The speech took place in 1872 in Rochester, New York after she voted for the presidential election. It was after the judge had fined her with $100 to pay for unlawfully voting for a candidate. The court room was filled with politics, former presidents, women and men that supported her words. She stood alone at the Canandaigua Courthouse and gave her speech before her sentencing. She stood handcuffed but nothing stopped Susan B. Anthony from expressing her feelings towards the authorities that were trying to keep her from voting. Susan opened her speech by addressing it to each and every single person in the room. She did not mention only men or only women but stated, â€Å"Friends and fellow citizens†. Her main ideas that she was mainly focused on getting across were the constitution itself explained how we the people were to help establish a better and equal America. She did not understand why the constitution contradicted itself because later, women were still not allowed to vote. She also explained, if the government wouldn’t allow women to vote, they were degrading us. â€Å"For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity† (Susan B. Anthony 1873). In this quote she strongly expresses her feelings and beliefs, if the government were to ever pass that law, liberty and equality were to be taken from women forever. Women all over the nation supported her and felt the same exact way. She used effective language and everyone understood where she was coming from. Susan was very motivating and persuading, not only in her speech but many of the other speeches she had presented in the past in court rooms, events in town during the woman’s suffrage movement. She created petitions all over the nation to get people to support her so she would have many reasons and supporters when the time would come. The speech wasn’t so conversational but more of a last words speech before she was sentenced. She had many goals she wanted to achieve but her main concern was to be able to have the same rights as men had. Men at the time had the right to vote, and were eligible to run as a candidate in a presidential election. They treated women as animals that were not capable of managing anything and had no say in who would be the best choice for America. Many people were emotionally affected by Susan’s speech because she wasn’t only fighting for herself but for other women and also slaves. She did not only think about herself but others too. People realized that she casted this vote for women and slaves so that the government would know that Susan was no longer taking any disrespect from her fellow citizens. I’m not sure if she was well prepared because when she had given her speech she was in court. She probably felt a lot of pressure because this speech determined if they would really listen to her or sentence her to a long time in jail or bombard her with fines from he government. The text from the speech is well said and well thought out, every word came out one hundred percent strong and she spoke with powerful words. If you pay attention on how she stands up for women and the slaves at the time, she was very serious and completely heartbroken because of the decisions and laws that the government had created at the time. â€Å"To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household – which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation†(Susan B . Anthony 1873 Speech) Susan believed that the government ad only focused on the negativity. Instead of them trying to educate the â€Å"ignorant†, why wouldn’t they try to educate â€Å"just people† in general? Not everyone had the same opportunities as other so why not give them the opportunity to learn and share that knowledge. She also didn’t understand why the head of household was always addressed as the father, or if the father died the son would take his place for example in a royal chain, if the king dies, the son automatically became king. The rich were always the superior because they had the money. I support Susan B. Anthony completely because even though, it took many years for the law to become effective, she did everything possible to help out women and slaves. She risked her life in some situations, was arrested for illegally voting knowing she couldn’t vote but did anyways for the sake of women. She has motivated me to want to be superior in a large company one day. The CEO of many companies are always men and very few women. Society has painted a picture out for us that make us think automatically that the CEO of a popular firm or chain is man instead of a woman. Also, America back in 2008 had the chance to vote a woman for president, Hilary Clinton, but we did not because we felt as if she wasn’t capable of running a country all on her own and America wasn’t ready for a woman president. Others believed that if she were to have won the election, Bill Clinton would’ve helped her run this country which is a very negative comment to say. There is nothing I would have changed about her speech but what I would have changed was the timing of the law becoming effective. Susan was an extraordinary woman who had courage, determination, and motivated many other women after that to continue her footsteps. How to cite Susan B. Anthony Speech, Papers

Li Fung Internet Issues Essay Example For Students

Li Fung: Internet Issues Essay Written Case #1 Li Fung: Internet Issues Li Fung is a Hong-Kong based import-export trading company that provides value-added services across the entire supply chain in a borderless manufacturing environment. The growth strategies for the company are a combination of an organic model, acquisitions, and use of E-Commerce technologies to extend the supply chain to new markets. Li Fung hopes to offer its supply chain services to the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) market by developing an Internet portal. In the prevailing business environment, it has not been cost effective to trade with SMEs since orders were small and below the factory minimums for production. Through a proposed Internet portal, Li Fung hopes to aggregate orders across multiple SMEs to capture the necessary economies of scale. The company is ready to beta-test the portal, but is now worried whether the SMEs will adopt the new model, and whether this new Internet portal would weaken the existing trader-based organizations that serve the large corporate customers. 1. Li Fung (A): Internet Issues (pp. 20) 1. 1 Li Fung Company Background (pp. 3 5) Founded in 1906. $2 billion dollar company (At the time of the case), listed under HKG on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Comprised of a global network of partners and clients. 69% of total sales from the U. S. Products include a mix of hard goods (quality controlled products such as toys and sporting goods) and soft goods (clothing and apparel). Profit margin for soft goo ds was between 6% 8%. Profit margin for hard goods was between 10% 30%. 1. 1. 1 Holistic Supply Chain Management (SCM) (pp. 5 6) Li Fung is an SCM chain in itself, producing finished products from raw materials. Provides a number of value-added services within its global supply chain. Value-added services include: Reduced turnaround time. Reduced matching and credit risks. Greater quality assurance. Lower cost and more flexible sourcing. Up-to-date fashion and market trend information to clients. 1. 1. 2 Corporate Culture and Compensation (pg. 7) Although a public company, William and Victor Fung remained as key executives. Victor handled strategic issues and long-term planning. William handled day-to-day operations. Li Fung recognized new-age and forward thinking as important aspects for sustained advantage. Enforced a culture that was humble, agile and responsive and externally focused. The corporate structure was decentralized allowing for adaptability and rapid reaction to seasonal fashion shifts. Promotions and compensation were based on merit. And executive bonuses were determined by profits (no ceiling). 1. 2 Tripartite Growth Strategy (pp. 7 10) In 2000, Li Fung viewed the future success determined by: Organic growth Expansion through acquisitions And extension of its supply chain to new markets via the Internet. . 2. 1 Organic Growth (pp. 7 9) What would drive organic growth would include: More orders from existing clients. New mandates from strategic clients. And an extended and diversified network around the globe. Established the modified three-year plan in 1996: The first three-year plan (1993-1995) looked to fill gaps in its network of offices to cover new sourcing markets. The second three-year plan (1996-1998) looked at margin expansion to increase profitability and looked to double profits every three years and achieve $3 billion in annual sales Li Fung outperformed Hang Seng Index by 75% in 2000. . 2. 2 Acquisitions (pg. 9) Li Fung would gain new client accounts through the acquisition of rival sourcing companies, and in the process, integrated operations, bringing the operating margins of these acquired units up to Li Fung levels. List of Acquisitions by date: 1995: Sourcing company Inchcape Buying Services (Dodwell) equal in size to Li Fung 1999: Export trading operations companies Swire Group, Swire Maclaine and Camberley. By August 2000, Li Fung was five-times the size of its closest competitors (William E. Connor and Associates and Colby International). . 2. 3 E-Commerce (pg. 10) Li Fungs global intranet was first launched in 1995 and provided: Real time orders and shipments. Digital imagery for online inspection. Troubleshooting. Secure ex tranets were launched in 1997 and linked Li Fung directly to key customers (10 such extranets were in place by 2000). Secure extranets: Allowed for online product development as well as order tracking. Eliminated paper trail of hard copy documentation. Streamlined communication as orders moved through the supply chain. 1. 3 Competitive Threats (pp. 10 11) .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .postImageUrl , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:hover , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:visited , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:active { border:0!important; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:active , .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23 .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u199ff2f5f6398de54f23a2a5b4205a23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CONTENTS 3 Introduction 4 The Human Heart 5 Sympto EssayRather than strictly looking for quantity, Li Fung focused on narrow and deep relationships with its customers. William Fung viewed the Internet as just another communications technology. Victor Fung viewed the Internet as a revolutionary technology that would change speed of information transfer but not the business model. 1. 3. 1 Bubble In (pp. 11 13) Li Fung looked to develop an in-house e-commerce solution, adding two technical directors to its board (one, a CEO from a technology company and the other an academic). 1. 3. 2 Enter Castling (pp. 11 13) Li Fungs focus in e-commerce would be on a combination of technology and supply chain reform (that would ultimately transform the retail end). The e-commerce solution would also focus on both old and new school economic ideas. Through LF International, Li Fungs venture capital group, Li Fung invested in the Internet startup company called Castling. Castling used the Internet to defend the offline old economy companies such as Li Fung, while simultaneously extending their own online presence. As a strategic partner, Castling created lifung. com. Lifung. com: 20% of lifung. coms staff came from Castling 0 full-time professionals (expanding to 80). 25 consultants. 1. 4 SME Target Market: B to small b (pp. 13 16) Market research conducted by Li Fung showed that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) would be the best target population for an e-commerce (lifung. com) initiative since: SMEs generally paid the most for both hard and soft goods. And SMEs were usually only offered a limited range of options in product specifications and oftentimes overlooked by suppliers more concerned with serving larger clients. For Li Fung, historically, it was not cost effective to trade with SMEs. However, an aggregated B2B portal could offer SMEs an array of products while also profiting Li Fung through: Economies of scale. Li Fung could concurrently manufacture the aggregated orders while giving SMEs enough differentiation of choice to enable them to each have a different product. Table B (pg 14) provides a side-by-side comparison of what lifung. com offered over existing competitors in the online market (taking into account product differentiation, price, reliability and information flow). 1. 4. 1 B2B Parameters (pp. 14 15) Startup capital of $250 million through the creation of 60 million shares. Implementing Li Fungs supply chain management know-how allowed for virtually no inventory risk. Lifung. com would operate standalone (although integration at some level was required) from Li Fung (the parent organization). Lifung. com would run without fear of having to produce instant profits. 1. 4. 2 E-Commerce Execution (pp. 15 16) The Fungs believed that due to the power Li Fung had in back-end logistics infrastructure, reliable procurement, market knowledge and brand reputation, other e-commerce companies would not be able to compete with lifung. com. 1. Future Ventures (pp. 16 18) Li Fung looked to e-commerce as an integral constituent of its strategy of expanding and diversifying its traditional offline business. Li Fung expanded the B2B initiative to include Electronic Stock Offer (eSO). eSO looked to create an efficient system for reaching out to Li Fungs supplier base and posting surplus stocks on the Internet. Additionally, the tool would provide a more efficient a nd cost-effective platform where Li Fung could sell to buyers primarily interested in purchasing more. 1. 6 Outlooks and Prospects (pp. 8-19) The trend towards business casual attire in the American workplace offered considerable upside for retailers of polo shirts and khakis and thus for sourcing agents such as Li Fung. During the economic downturn, Li Fung looked to outsourcing to remain competitive and minimize costs. Jitters existed between executives wondering what the actual impact would be to Li Fung (on the old economy and existing key partners and clients). Lastly, would lifung. com break away from Li Fung, or would it remain within the confines of the brick and mortar organization?